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30 Aug 2008
Science News for 11 Mar 2008
Arctic climate models playing key role in polar bear decision
11 Mar 2008
MADISON - The pending federal decision about whether to protect the polar bear as a threatened species is as much about climate science as it is about climate change. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) is currently considering a...

Leading researchers honored for progress in cancer prevention, detection and treatment
11 Mar 2008
AACR presents research achievement awards at 2008 annual meeting PHILADELPHIA – World-class cancer researchers whose science has significantly contributed to progress in the fight against cancer will be recognized April 12-16, 2008, by...

New twist on life's power source
11 Mar 2008
Stanford, CA — A startling discovery by scientists at the Carnegie Institution puts a new twist on photosynthesis, arguably the most important biological process on Earth. Photosynthesis by plants, algae, and some bacteria supports...

US stands to lose a generation of young researchers
11 Mar 2008
Leading academic research institutions seek increased NIH funding (Washington, D.C.) – Five consecutive years of flat funding the budget of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is deterring promising young researchers and threatening...

Post brain injury: New nerve cells originate from neural stem cells
11 Mar 2008
Most cells in the human brain are not nerve cells, but supporting cells (glial cells). They serve as a framework for nerve cells and play an important role in the wound reaction that occurs with injuries to the brain. However, what these...

FSU classics professor exploring a 'lost' city of the Mycenaeans
11 Mar 2008
Daniel Pullen, chairman of the Department of Classics at Florida State University and co-director of the Saronic Harbors Archaeological Research Project. Click here for more information. TALLAHASSEE, Fla. -- Along...

Life expectancy rises for the educated; the less-educated reap no benefit
11 Mar 2008
BOSTON, Mass. (March 11, 2007)—It's no secret that over the last few decades, life expectancy in the United States has been rising. However, recent data shows that not everyone has benefited from this encouraging trend. New findings from...

Modern physics is critical to global warming research
11 Mar 2008
Even a highly simplified model of the Earth's atmosphere shows great complexity in jet streams and macroturbulence. Mathematical approaches that focus on average statistics rather than detailed patterns can deepen... Click...

Columbus camera captures first views of Earth
11 Mar 2008
Image from Columbus laboratory's Earth Viewing Camera -- the first to be produced on command from the ground. The image was taken soon after dawn on March 7, 2008, and... Click here for more information. One of the...

Georgetown U student selected for prestigious Bouchet Society
11 Mar 2008
Anatasha Crawford conducts cancer research at Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Anatasha Crawford, a doctoral candidate at Georgetown University, has been named a member of the Edward A. Bouchet Graduate Honor Society (Bouchet Society)....

Red-light cameras increase crashes, researchers find
11 Mar 2008
Report recommends engineering solutions to improve intersection safety Tampa, FL (March 11, 2008) -- Rather than improving motorist safety, red-light cameras significantly increase crashes and are a ticket to higher auto insurance premiums,...

Increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere linked to decreased soil organic matter
11 Mar 2008
URBANA - A recent study at the University of Illinois created a bit of a mystery for soil scientist Michelle Wander – increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was expected to increase plant growth, increase plant biomass and ultimately...

Microchip fingerprints used to lock out chip pirates
11 Mar 2008
Rice original technology lets patent-holders remotely activate chips Pirated microchips -- chips stolen from legitimate factories or made from stolen blueprints -- account for billions of dollars in annual losses to chipmakers. But a series of...

Other highlights in the March 11 JNCI
11 Mar 2008
Radiation Exposure In Utero and in Young Children Increases Adult Cancer Risk Radiation exposure before birth or during early childhood increased the risk of adult solid cancers, according to a study of survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki...

Combined stenting and photodynamic therapy improves survival in late stage liver cancer patients
11 Mar 2008
Bethesda, MD (March 11, 2008) – A combined therapeutic approach of stenting and photodynamic therapy may improve survival rates for patients suffering from advanced liver bile duct cancer, according to a study published this month in...

Grappling with grammar
11 Mar 2008
How the brain copes in language-impaired kids Researchers at UCL (University College London) have discovered that a system in the brain for processing grammar is impaired in some children with specific language impairment (SLI), but that these...

Study finds personal and Web-based support equal weight loss success
11 Mar 2008
Kaiser Permanente helps members achieve weight loss with education & outreach March 11, 2008 (Oakland, Calif.) – Findings in the Journal of the American Medical Association on the largest weight loss maintenance study to date...

NIH grant to Emory and pediatric partners aims to improve kidney transplants for children
11 Mar 2008
Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta are teaming up with two university hospitals in California to find new ways to make kidney transplants more tolerable for children. Emory and Children's will partner...

Revise guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy, says Saint Louis U. obstetrician
11 Mar 2008
Obese women gain too much weight, expert editorializes ST. LOUIS -- Current recommendations for weight gain during pregnancy – developed by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in 1990 – should be revised, according to an internationally...

COX-2 expression is marker for cancer development in some benign breast biopsies
11 Mar 2008
ROCHESTER, Minn. -- It’s a good news, bad news situation. Some women who have a breast biopsy are told that while they don’t have cancer, they do have atypical hyperplasia -- cells that aren’t quite normal and might become...

Model identifies targets for eradication of malaria
11 Mar 2008
Scientists at the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), in Portugal, have shown that Malaria eradication in Africa is sustainable, and any re-emergence of malaria in industrialized nations is highly unlikely. Working with colleagues in...

MRSA screening at hospital admission not linked to reduced rates of infection in surgical patients
11 Mar 2008
New findings do not support the recommendation for universal screening on hospital admission for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to reduce the rate of hospital-acquired infections in surgical patients, according to a study...

Europe to build state of the art laboratory
11 Mar 2008
One of the great ongoing challenges of astrophysics, to find out how stars evolve and die, is to be tackled in an ambitious European research programme. This will involve studying in the laboratory over 25 critical nuclear reactions using...

Chicago neuroscientist contributes to book on brains and baseball
11 Mar 2008
The cover from "Your Brain On Cubs: Inside the Heads of Players and Fans. " Click here for more information. Steven Small, professor of neurology and psychology at the University of Chicago, and colleagues Ana...

Which came first, social dominance or big brains? Wasps may tell
11 Mar 2008
There’s new evidence supporting the idea that bigger brains are better. A study of a tropical wasp suggests that the brainpower required to be dominant drives brain capacity. University of Washington researchers have found that key...

Brown scientist answers how Peruvian meteorite made it to Earth
11 Mar 2008
Planetary geologists had thought that stony meteorites would be destroyed when they passed through Earth's atmosphere. This one struck ground near Carancas, Peru, at about 15,000 miles per hour. Brown... Click here for more...

Naval Research Laboratory to design lunar telescope to see into the dark ages
11 Mar 2008
The crater Tsiolkovsky is a relatively level region on the far side of the Moon. A lander would deposit a series of rovers, which would then move out and... Click here for more information. A team of scientists and...

Female katydids prefer mates 'cool' in winter and 'hot' in summer
11 Mar 2008
MU study determines flexible mating calls may contribute to ecological success of species This species of katydid (N. Triops) ranges from Peru to Missouri due, in part, to its flexible mating calls. Click here for more...

Climate change will have a significant impact on transportation infrastructure and operations
11 Mar 2008
WASHINGTON -- While every mode of transportation in the U.S. will be affected as the climate changes, potentially the greatest impact on transportation systems will be flooding of roads, railways, transit systems, and airport runways in...

First early-detection blood test for Parkinson's shows promise
11 Mar 2008
Screen uses 'metabolomic profile' to spot disease-linked changes, Weill Cornell team reports NEW YORK (March 11, 2008) -- A test that profiles molecular biomarkers in blood could become the first accurate diagnostic test for Parkinson's...

Postoperative chemotherapy does not improve survival in gastric cancer patients
11 Mar 2008
The use of combination chemotherapy following surgery did not improve survival in patients with gastric cancer, according to a randomized clinical trial published online March 11 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. The only...

USC researchers find benefit for lymphoma patients in combined PET-CT scanning
11 Mar 2008
Fused imaging results in greater accuracy when evaluating treatment results Los Angeles, March 12 --Combined positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) imaging of lymphoma patients is a more effective method to evaluate...

Penn research offers road map to safer pain control, cost savings during colonoscopies
11 Mar 2008
Patient-controlled anesthesia combination helps patients recover quicker, offers clues to more cost-effective staffing (PHILADELPHIA) – At a time when several U.S. health insurers have discontinued payment for use of the sedative propofol...

Wisconsin researchers describe how digits grow
11 Mar 2008
MADISON - Researchers at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH) are wagging a finger at currently held notions about the way digits are formed. Studying the embryonic chick foot, the developmental biologists...

Bird brains suggest how vocal learning evolved
11 Mar 2008
DURHAM, N.C. – Though they perch far apart on the avian family tree, birds with the ability to learn songs use similar brain structures to sing their tunes. Neurobiologists at Duke University Medical Center now have an explanation for...

Regenstrief Institute tapped by CDC to combat potentially catastrophic disease outbreaks
11 Mar 2008
INDIANAPOLIS —The Centers for Disease Control has awarded the Indiana University School of Medicine a $2.6 million initial contract with the possibility of nearly $10 million in funding over 5 years to accelerate the real-time ability of...

Short-term stress can affect learning and memory
11 Mar 2008
UC Irvine study provides first evidence that acute stress impacts brain-cell communication involved with memory formation Irvine, Calif. — Short-term stress lasting as little as a few hours can impair brain-cell communication in areas...

Gene hunters fine-tune marker for common obesity gene
11 Mar 2008
In children's DNA, a hint of a mutation's ancestral African origin Genomics researchers, seeking to replicate another group’s discovery of an important gene associated with obesity, have further refined the signal to a particular variant...

Joint research: Probing the mysteries of a surprisingly tough hydrogel
11 Mar 2008
Some 46 million people suffer from arthritis in the United States alone. The worst cases require painful surgeries to drill holes in and reinforce joints. Now researchers working at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are...

Researchers ID behavioral risk factors for head and neck cancers
11 Mar 2008
Sex practices and lifestyle are culprits Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center have teased out two distinct sets of risk factors for head and neck cancers, suggesting that there are two completely different kinds of the...

Insecticide combo delivers knockout punch
11 Mar 2008
A cocktail of insecticides containing a plant protein and a common insecticide may be more lethal to crop pests than either ingredient used alone, according to biologists. The one-two punch also inhibits the insects' growth rate and reduces...

Specialized hospital care associated with better survival in Dutch ovarian cancer patients
11 Mar 2008
Dutch ovarian cancer patients who were treated at a semispecialized or specialized hospital survived longer than those treated at a general hospital, according to a study published online March 11 in the Journal of the National Cancer...

Paradigm shift: Switch for programmed cell death promotes spread of glioblastoma
11 Mar 2008
This release is available in German. Malignant tumors have usually lost their ability to destroy themselves by programmed cell death, or apoptosis. Therefore, tumors are often resistant to chemotherapy or radiation therapy, whose effect is...

Harlequin frog rediscovered in remote region of Colombia
11 Mar 2008
Discovery made possible through The Conservation Leadership Programme Bogotá, Colombia, March 11, 2008—After 14 years without having been seen, several young scientists supported by the Conservation Leadership Programme (CLP), have...

Clean diesels
11 Mar 2008
This release is available in German. The various diesel particulate filters (bottom left) for diggers, construction machinery and heavy-duty vehicles can now be manufactured competitively priced. Click here for more...

News tips from the Journal of Neuroscience
11 Mar 2008
1. ATP Receptor Involvement in Neuropathic Pain Kimiko Kobayashi, Hiroki Yamanaka, Tetsuo Fukuoka, Yi Dai, Koichi Obata, and Koichi Noguchi Nerve injury often leads to neuropathic pain, such as thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia,...

New resuscitation approach for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest associated with increased survival
11 Mar 2008
Patients who had cardiac arrests outside of the hospital setting and were treated with a resuscitation approach designed to limit interruption of chest compressions, termed minimally interrupted cardiac resuscitation (MICR), were more likely...

Structure reveals how cells 'sugar-coat' proteins
11 Mar 2008
UPTON, NY - Biologists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, and the University of Wurzburg, Germany, have deciphered the structure of a large protein complex responsible for adding sugar...

A new mouse model of mania
11 Mar 2008
Bipolar Disorder (BPD or manic-depressive illness) is one of the most serious of all mental disorders, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Affected individuals alternate between states of deep depression and mania. While depression is...

Policing cells demand ID to tell friend from foe, say University of Pennsylvania cell engineers
11 Mar 2008
University of Pennsylvania scientists studying macrophages, the biological cells that spring from white blood cells to eat and destroy foreign or dying cells, have discovered how these “policemen” differentiate between friend and...

New potential treatment for muscular dystrophy appears to be safe
11 Mar 2008
Myostatin, a protein that blocks muscle growth, has shown promising results as a potential therapeutic target for treating muscular dystrophy in animal studies, where its inhibition led to increased muscle mass and strength. A new study, the...

Bulk metallic glasses
11 Mar 2008
In recent years, under the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, many research groups in China have been engaged in developing new...

UIC researchers may have found test for depression
11 Mar 2008
A new discovery could change future diagnosis and therapy of depression Researchers from the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine have discovered that a change in the location of a protein in the brain could serve as a...

Study shows long-term weight control is achievable
11 Mar 2008
People who shed weight and want to keep it off might benefit from monthly personal contact interventions, researchers reported at the American Heart Association’s Conference on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism. Results of the...

Minorities, whites get equal care in hospitals
11 Mar 2008
COLLEGE PARK, Md. – A University of Maryland study of whether people receive different quality of hospital care because of their race or ethnicity found that when whites and minorities are admitted to a hospital for the same reason, they...

Scientists to discover why flamingos are in the pink of health -- in the poo!
11 Mar 2008
A University of Leicester ecologist is setting out to discover why flamingos are so in the pink of health - in the poo! Dr David Harper, of the Department of Biology at the University of Leicester, has been studying lesser flamingos for nine...

Weight loss more effective than intensive insulin therapy for type 2 diabetics
11 Mar 2008
Dr. Roger Unger Click here for more information. DALLAS – March 11, 2008 – Weight-loss and major lifestyle changes may be more effective than intensive insulin therapy for overweight patients with poorly...

Want to lose weight and keep it off? Personal counseling beats web-based information
11 Mar 2008
Differences were modest but clear that weight-loss Web site is no substitute for chats with trained counselors, JAMA study says Individuals are less likely to regain lost weight when they get monthly tips straight from trained counselors rather...

Royal corruption is rife in the ant world
11 Mar 2008
Leaf cutting ant queen and worker Click here for more information. Far from being a model of social co-operation, the ant world is riddled with cheating and corruption – and it goes all the way to the top,...

New techniques improve imaging quality, not diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus
11 Mar 2008
Bethesda, MD (March 4, 2008) – Novel techniques to improve the quality of imaging are helping doctors get a better look at esophageal conditions such as Barrett’s esophagus (BE), but they do not necessarily improve the diagnosis or...

Lego system for production facilities
11 Mar 2008
This release is available in German. A new platform made up of individual building blocks makes it easier to scale up analytical or therapeutic processes from the laboratory to industrial manufacture. Click here for more...

Mystery behind the strongest creature in the world
11 Mar 2008
The strongest creature in the world, the Hercules Beetle, has a colour-changing trick that scientists have long sought to understand. Research published today, Tuesday, 11 March, in the New Journal of Physics, details an investigation into the...

Different use of brain areas may explain memory problems in schizophrenics
11 Mar 2008
The enduring memory problems that people with schizophrenia experience may be related to differences in how their brains process information, new research has found. The Public Library of Science published the report by Vanderbilt University...

Monthly personal counseling helps maintain weight loss
11 Mar 2008
DURHAM, N.C. – In the largest and longest study to date of weight loss maintenance strategies, researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that personal contact – and, to a lesser extent, a computer-based support system...

Monthly contact with counselor provides some benefit for maintaining weight loss
11 Mar 2008
Weight-loss program participants who had a brief, monthly personal contact intervention – most often a 10-15 minute phone conversation – regained less weight than participants who were in a Web-based intervention or self-directed...

The fight against obesity -- a new insight
11 Mar 2008
Mitochondrial uncoupling demonstrated in human skeletal muscle With obesity still on the increase, it appears that the main weapon in the fight against it - reducing energy consumption by eating less - is ineffective. There is evident need to...

All-round safety
11 Mar 2008
This release is available in German. Things can get tight after a lateral collision -- intelligent side-impact protection prevents the worst. Click here for more information. One more second until collision. The...

Epigenetic changes discovered in major psychosis
11 Mar 2008
New clues for uncovering the mysteries of mental illness Scientists have discovered epigenetic changes (i.e. chemical changes to a gene that do not alter the DNA sequence) in individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. This is the...

Increased level of magnetic iron oxides found in Alzheimer's disease
11 Mar 2008
A team of scientists, led by Professor Jon Dobson, of Keele University in Staffordshire, UK, have found, for the first time, raised levels of magnetic iron oxides in the part of the brain affected by Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Their research...

Biologists at UC San Diego identify key protein in cell's 'self-eating' function
11 Mar 2008
Molecular biologists at the University of California, San Diego have found one piece of the complex puzzle of autophagy, the process of “self-eating” performed by all eukaryotic cells -- cells with a nucleus -- to keep themselves...

Genetic analysis reveals range of Rett syndrome
11 Mar 2008
The first comprehensive analysis of the clinical effects of genetic mutations involved in Rett syndrome will enable affected families to receive a more accurate indication of their child’s prognosis. The research was undertaken by an...

 
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